Process of making shoes



Dec. 29, 1953 A. E. MURRAY 2,663,887

PROCESS OF MAKING SHOES Filed Jan. 24, 1952 :5 sheets-sheet 1 v INVENTOR A1602 Z5 .Muz'iaij ATTORfiEY Dec. 29, 1953 A. E. MURRAY 2,663,887

PROCESS OF MAKING SHOES Filed Jan. 24, 1952 s She'eis-Sheet a 'INVENTOR Murray m 60 40 ATTOW Patented Dec. 29, 1953 UNITED STATES e OFFICE 8 Claims.

My invention relates to a method of making footwear.

The object of my invention is to make the said shoes, etc., of moldable materials so as to obtain an intimate fit of the foot contours. A further object is to provide an amount of tension or reaction from the shoes determined by the propor-- tion of the bodily weight applied to the shoes while the moldable materials are in a moldable condition or have not entirely set. Another object of my invention is to attain a correct spacing between the toes, so as to avoid crowding them together in making the shoes from said moldable materials. Still another object is to provide a toe pad to aid in accomplishing the process. A further object is to provide such a toe pad made of moldable materials, which is adapted to be introduced into or applied to the foot while the materials of the toe pad are moldable or have not yet set, and while the conformation of the shoe 3 is being attained by the proportional weight bearing applied thereto. A further object is thereby to attain a realistic conformation of the shoes in relation to the intimate detailed contours of the feet of the individual wearer for whom the shoes are made, and which may be made on the feet of the wearer, if desired. Still another object is to produce a more effective sole which may be controlled eifectively to provide a uniform resistant outer margin for the same. Further objects of my invention will appear from the detailed description thereof hereinafter.

While my invention is capable of being carried out in many different ways I have shown, by way of illustration, only certain forms of the said shoes and products produced in accordance therewith as well as intermediate stages in the formation thereof, in the which- Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a right-foot shoe made in accordance with my invention, showing the outer side thereof;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing the inner side thereof;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the said shoe;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a toe pad produced in carrying out the said method;

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation thereof Fig. 6 is a front elevation thereof;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation thereof;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a rectangular sheet of corrugated paper or cardboard showing an outline of a foot made thereon for producing part of a template;

Fig. 9 is a plan view showing a shorter heel poraccompanying drawings, in

- 2 tion piece of corrugated paper or cardboard for the template;

Fig. 10 is a plan view showing the top of said template indicating in-dotted lines the relative size, with regard to the template, of three layers of cloth thereon;

Fig. 11 is a plan view showing the said template with the said three layers applied thereto, after having been trimmed off at the margin of the template and showing an area on the top thereof to which has been applied a cotton linters mud;

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the template having thereon the three layers of cloth and cotton linters mud shown in Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a transverse vertical section of the same taken on line I3I3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a plan view of the subject matter of' Fig. 11 but showing thereover, a fourth, or first oversize, piece of cloth applied thereto, which carries thereon two colored pencil lines, as hereinafter referred to, and showing also, in dotted outline above the same, a fifth piece of cloth, or sec ond oversize piece;

Fig. 15 is a plan view of a sixth called the front cover piece;

Fig. 16 is a plan view of a seventh piece of cloth, called the heel piece;

Fig. 1'7 is a side elevational detail showing the said heel piece attached by adhesive to the heel of the foot;

Fig. 18' is a side elevation of the foot supported on thetemplate shown together with the said first five pieces and having applied thereon a cloth front cover piece comprising the sixth piece;

Fig. 19 is a similar but rear elevation illustrating the said front cover piece after having been trimmed off at the lower margin around the foot and with the second oversize piece, which is the fifth piece, pressed upwardly around the foot and provided with two vertical cut-outs at the rear thereof;

. Fig. 20 is a plan view showing the same with the second oversize piece provided with three cut-outs at the front of the foot;

Fig. 21 is a detail in elevation, showing a pencil line at or just above the under-cut line made around the second oversize piece, and with cotton mud introduced into the crevice around the foot between the second oversize piece and the first oversize piece;

Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the foot showing the first oversize piece pressed up around the foot, having two vertical cut-outs at the rear and three vertical cut-outs at the front, similar to piece of cloth,

the cut-outs in the second oversize piece, with outline of the templat 5. The piece I5 is now coated with latex on its exposed face and a-second layer of monks cloth-l6 of the same size, and dusted on one face with plaster of Paris, has said dusted face applied thereover and latex is applied to the outer surface thereof-,after which a thirdmonks cloth piece ll, dusted on one face with plaster of Paris, is applied to the piece 16 (Fi 10). Afterthis, all three of the said pieces l5, l6 and l? are pressed down and trimmed off flush -with the margin of the template 5, as shown in Fig. 11. Now, a top centrally located portion of the piece i1 is provided with a coating of latex, and on this there is applied a crownshaped body of the cotton linters mud l8 of the type of cotton, linters mud 3 above referred to, as shown in Fig. 11, so that the high point of the curvature thereof is in the midddle of the third piece ll and so that there is left, protruding above the top of said body 18, a small mound of the cotton linters mud beneath the place where the toes join the ballof the foot to form a pyramid IB, as hereinafter referred to. This cotton linters mud, in effect, forms a pad with a flat under surface and a crown-shaped upper surface (Figs. 11, 12 and 13). Thereupon, I coat the whole upper surface of the mud l8 and the exposed margin of piece I! with latex and apply over the same a first oversize piece of monks cloth 20, as a fourth piece, which has been dusted on one face with plaster of Paris. The said first oversize piece preferably extends about 3 beyond the margin of the template'and is thereupon pressed down thereon with the fingers-or hand. I now draw a colored pencil line H on said fourth piece of cloth 23 corresponding in position to the margin of the template 5. Then I draw another colored penc l line 22, approximately inside of the line2 It on the piece and, coat the surface of the piece 28 all over with latex within the line 22. Next, I provide a second oversize piece of monks cloth 23, as a fifth piece, and, after dusting it underneath with pastor of Paris, I place it on top of the said fourth piece 29. This fifth piece 23 preferably has a margin extending beyond the template of about 6 to 8" at the toes and about 5" all around the rest of the template, although the margin thereof may be narrower as in Figs. 14 and 18.

I now proceed to build the remainder of the shoe thereon, preferably while the person for whom shoes are to be made is seated in a chair that is supported on a table, on which the weight of the feet rest the template 5 with cloth pieces 2!] and 23 being also on the table, except that more or less of a standing or upright position may be assumed by the said person for the purpose of applying moreor less weight to the pad or pads. One shoe may be made at a time or both shoes may be made simultaneously, using two operators, one for each shoe.

For a shoe made for ordinary use I preferably rest thereonthe whole weight of the body for a few minutes, but for-making tighter shoes, as for instance when they'are to be used for skating, on ice or on rollers, I preferably rest only a portion of the weight of the body thereon and for only a minute or two. This support of the weight of the body to the extent referredto has the i efiectp l of gcorrectly. conforming. from. the mound t8 the pyramid l9 to the space between the toes and theball of thefoot, as well as conforming the soft cotton linters mud l8 beneath the-arch of the foot to said archand the rear of said mud to at least some of the heel of the foot.

I nowmake a front-cover piece 2d, the sixth piece, of monks cloth shaped somewhat like a triangle with the acute pointed end thereof eliminated and having a central slit 25 extending from the base through about one half the length ofthe sixth piece. Also, there is provided a rectangular counter or heel piece 25, the seventh piece, ofmonks. cloth which is attached to the rear or heel of the foot, as shown in Fig. 17,. with latex. Then the heel piece 26 is covered all over withlatex and latex is also applied in a band about wide all around the margin of the foot. The front cover piece 24 is also dusted on one face thereof with plaster of Paris and applied over the top of the foot with said dusted face against the foot and with the ankle passing through the slit 25, as shown in Fig. 18; The cover piece 24 is thereupon pinched together at the rear of the foot and cut off vertically at that point so as to make a smooth abutting joint. The cover piece 2t is thereupon pressed down all around the foot and the bottom margin of the piece 24 is trimmed off even with the bottom of the foot. Then, I wet the cover piece 24 all over with latex and dust with plaster of Paris the top of the second oversize piece 23, which extends beyond the foot, and now press up the margin of said piece 23 by turning it up all around the foot over the cover piece 24, at the same time putting on the piece 23 a little extra amount of latex from time to time. Two vertical cut-outs 2? and 28 are now made in the said piece 23 at the rear of the foot and three cut-outs 29, 39 and 3! are made therein at the front of the foot, so as to make five smooth abutting joints.

This leaves a crevice all around the lower margin of the foot between the piece 25! and the piece 23, as shown in Fig. 21, which crevice is now dusted over with plaster of Paris and then filled with some of the cotton mud 52 to a position flush with the outside of the over-size piece 23 vertically all around the foot. This cotton mud is made smooth all around the foot with a spatula. A colored pencil line 33 is now drawn all around the foot on the under face of the said second oversize piece 23 at or a little above the underout line of the foot. Next, the upper surface of the first oversize piece 25 is dusted all around with powdered plaster of Paris. Latex is then applied all around the exposed portions of the piece 2! and the piece 23 up to the said line and the piece 29 is then folded up all around the foot enclosing the cotton linters mud 32, two rear cutouts 34 and 35, with smooth abutting joints, being made substantially overlying the cut-outs 2! and 28 respectively and three front cut-outs 36, 31 and 38, with smooth abutting joints, being made substantially overlying the cut-outs 29, 3E? and 3!. These cut-outs M, 35, 35, 3? and 38 may be made by varying the ositions thereof respectively, so as to lend symmetry and attractive lines of conformation to the shoe. The upper'margin of the first oversize piece 23 is now out off to form a resulting upper edge as thereof, as shown in Fig. 22. As the edge of the cardboard template 5 may be uneven or a little smaller than the foot in some places, this edge may be temporarily built up evenly all around the edge of the cardboard i 1,. 2 with wetplaster of Paris 39" with the aid of the fingers or atool. Theplaster of Paris so added to the edge thereof is: later'to' be pulled'out of the shoe with the'tem plate 5, when the latter is removed ashereinafter referred to. This introduction of plaster of Paris as results in giving the edge of the sole oil-the completed shoe, when applied therein, a uniform and attractive curvature adding to the artistic appearance of the shoe. Thi's'con'structi'on, also, adds strength and durability to the subsequently applied leather at the lower portion thereof, especially as, all around the said filler- 38" there is then applied a marginal strip of monks cloth til, the eighthpicce, which is dustedon. the inside with powered plaster-of Paris and applied around the margin of the shoe, which is c'oated with latex before applying the strip 48. This provides an accurate marginal outline of the shoe and provides for a sole outlineproperly controlling the balance and weight-bearing when. a part or all of the weight of the body is-re'sted onthe foot in the shoe, as hereinafter referred to. This is particularly important for the reason that when finally pulling and cutting out the cardboard template it cannot be determined accurately and effectively just where the final sole line should be unless the removable plaster of Paris so has been introduced. The person for whom the shoe'is being made is'now made to stand in the shoe with a proportional part of the weight of his body thereon, the subsequent tension or reaction by the completed shoe onto the foot being thus determined by the extent or proportion of the body-weight thus applied. I am able in this way, by means of the plaster of Paris as, not only to extend the size of the shoe forwardly and rearwardly but also laterally to the extent desired, to form a shoe which is slightly wider and/or longer than the outline of the foot as compared to its form when not having the weight of the body or a portion thereof resting on the foot. For instance, the weight of the whole body while standing may be rested on one foot, or simultaneously on two feet, and each or both of these resultant weights can be varied while standing by leaning with the arm or arms on the back of the chair, which has been used for seating the said person, while the shoe was being made. Also, the said person may, without standing, shift his position in the chair to apply any intended proportion of the bodily weight to either or both of the shoes, as thus far constructed.

Next, there is made a heel piece ii of any desired leather, but preferably of soft kid or calf. The said heel piece, which extends around the heel of the foot, as shown in Fig. 23, is first impregnated and saturated by dipping it in a thin latex comprising, preferably, two parts by volume of distilled water and one part by volume of latex. After this the excess thin latex is lightly scraped off of the leather and the leather is thereafter coated with latex. Thereupon, the sides of the shoe thus far constructed are coated with latex and overlaid with said. impregnated leather piece s1, as shown in Fig. 23. This piece 4! is then rubbed all over in any convenient way with wet saddle soap, and is trimmed off at the bottom flush with the bottom of the strip l'fl, and trimmed off at the to to form forward marginal lines #2, which extend up to the height of about the middle of the ankle joint.

A- front leather cover piece d3, impregnated and coated as in the case of the leather piece M, is

3 now applied over the foot on the first oversize piece Zllandthe second oversize piece 23, as well as against-any exposed upper margin of the piece 24, after dusting the pieces 29, 23 and 24 with plaster-of Paris, and so that there are forwardly slanting edges l4 and 55 overlapping the corresponding forward margins of the heel piece 4!, these edges 44 and 45 being trimmed off accordingly, as shown in Fig. 24.

In the case of making the shoe for ordinary usethe wearer is preferably located in a standing position while applying the piece 43 so that theshoe supports all or any intended proportion,

for example half, of the bodily weight, although thismay be varied. While the piece @3 is being so applied to the shoe, the aforesaid proportional weight-bearing will extend the length and/or wi th of the internal conformations of the shoe to the extent of the amount of weight-bearing applied, to provide a shoe which exerts a resulting controlled tension or reaction against theissuesofthe foot. In making the shoe for ordinary use there is also preferably made a front cut-out with an inclined laterally curved smooth abutting seam GB at the front of the shoe.

However, when making shoes as shown in Fig. 25 for use on ice skates or roller skates, where it is desired to have increasedreaction or tension on the feet from the shoes, thewearer of the shoes preferably is not made to stand in the shoe or shoes while applying the leather outer layer but, instead, the wearer will remain seated while applying said layer to the shoes, and instead of the leather pieces 4| and M, a single piece of leather 4'! impregnated and coated as in the case of the leather pieces M and 43, is applied so as to cover the front, sides and rear of the shoe, with only a single rear centrally located cut-out to form an overlapping seam 68 and with'a single short front cut-out to form a flush abutting seam 49. The said piece 4! is applied in a way similar to the application of pieces 41 and 43 after the outer surface of the shoe thus far constructed has been dusted with the plaster of Paris. In the case of the-skate shoe, furthermore, the shoe is molded higher up on the ankle far above the ankle joint, as in the case of the shoes generally used for skates, and there is made a wide slit or cut-out 50 at the front of the shoeabove the short slit as, said cut-out 50 being provided with eyelets 5i at the margins thereof for the usual tight skate shoe lacing, as shown in Fig. 25. Except for these variations in the procedure the skate shoe is completed in the same way as the shoe for ordinary use.

Further'referring to the shoe made for ordinary use, as illustrated for example in Fig. 24, the shoe is provided with two wide slits 52 and 53 which are thereafter provided with holes for lacings 5s cooperating with a leather cleat 5-5, as shown in Fig.1, of any desired character. The leather surfaces of the shoe can now be rubbed all over in any desired way with wet saddle soap to obtain smooth and complete adherence of the leather to the supporting surfaces beneath the same. The upper margin of the leather ieces i! and' l'o together with the monks cloth beneath the same may be trimmed down to any desired level. The foot is pulled out of the shoe before or after trimming the upper margin thereof, and the toe pad l is then removed from the foot.

The shoe is now lifted from the table and the leather M, 43, or 4'1, is trimmed all around the lower margin of the template 5. Then the cardboard l2, forming the template 5, as well as the plaster of Paris 39' in the marginal crevices, is pulled out so that the strip 40 forms a wall or coiferdam for the building of the sole therein and on the remaining sole elements. If any remnants of the plaster of Paris 39 remain, these can be removed or cut out with a tool of any desired.

kind, such as a dull knife. Now the crevices from which the plaster of Paris 39 has been removed are filled with some of the cotton mud all around the inner margin of the said wall or coiferdam GEE. The entire sole cavity thus formed within the cofferdam it is now coated with latex. Then I provide three graduated-size progressively smaller pieces or layers of monks cloth t, 57 and 58 which are first saturated with latex after, in each instance, dusting each layer in succession, on which they are, respectively, to be applied, with plaster of Paris so that the longer piece (it is first, the next size piece 5! is next applied and the small piece 58 is placed over the piece 51, as shown in Fig. 26. After applying over these pieces further latex and dusting the same with plaster of Paris, there are now applied two sole layers 59 and iii] of monks cloth, prepared as in the case of the layers 5%, 5i and 58 or as in the case, also, of the other sole layers hereinafter referred to. These two layers 59 and 69, as in the case of the layers 5%, El and 58, are all located within the wall or cofi'erdam dii. After this there are applied two further sole layers 5! and 62 prepared and applied as in the case of the sole layers 5:5 to 66 except that the said two layers ti and 62 ex tend over the outer edge of the coiferdam formed with the strip 49, as shown in Fig. 26. In this way, a uniform under surface is attained, formed from the sole layers 56 to 62 but with a thicker portion than at the front portion at the heel of the shoe. The edges of the pieces of the sole layers 6! and 62 are now trimmed down all around the shoe even with the outer face of the cofferdam strip 4i]. In order to facilitate the application of the sole layers 56 to 60 to the shoe, each of these layers may be trimmed down to fit into its position before or while being applied to the shoe. The sole thus produced is then coated, alternately with the thin latex and some heavy latex repeatedly, on the outside margin to give the edge of the sole the desired strength and body.

The shoe can be worn for part of each day, following the day after being made, for instance about an hour a day for the ordinary shoe and about half this time for the skate shoe, to further conform the shoe to the foot and so as to have the desired reaction and/or tension to be exerted thereby, on the foot by the shoe when completely set, which is generally in about ten days. At the end of the said time, for instance, if desired the shoe may be cleaned out by power-driven rotary brushes, and a heator electrical-conductor 63, comprising a thread twisted together with metal foil, may be inserted through the heel portion of the shoe.

In the case of the skate shoe, furthermore, if desired, there may be applied to the bottom thereof, by cementing or otherwise, beneath the sole layers 56 to G2, a laminated wood skate plate 64, to which the skate may be attached by screws or otherwise in the usual way. Also, in the case of the skate shoe the inner margins of the slit 50, and of the top of the shoe, may be provided with a narrow inner strengthening strip or strips of leather 55 secured thereto by latex or any other desired rubber cementing material. The strip or strips 65, if applied, provide a further strengthening for the eyelets 5!.

A positive or negative cast embodying the foot shape and shoe shape so attained, either in the ordinary shoe or in the skate shoe, can now be made, if desired, by pouring a mixture of plaster of Paris and water into the shoe after the shoe materials have set or even when they are partially set,or after the shoe has been worn a long time, and the cast lifted out after the plaster of Paris has set. Also, a last can be made from the cast by copying the contours thereof in any desired plastic material.

While I have described my invention above'in detail I Wish it to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the same.

I claim:

1. The process which comprises applying to a foot a moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two adjacent toes extending to the upper portions thereof and molding said element between the toes to provide added width to the group-toe portion, and molding a foot support from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded toespa-cmg element.

2. The process which comprises applying to a foot 2. moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two aujacent toes extending to the upper portions thereof and molding said element between the toes to provide added width to the group-toe portion, and molding a shoe with a rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded toe-spacing element located between the big toe and a smaller toe and the foot is supported Irom the rigid plate.

3. The process which comprises applying to a foot a moidable plastic toe-spacing element between two aojacent toes extending to the upper portions thereof and molding said element between the toes to provide added width to the group-toe portion, molding a shoe with a. rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded toe-spacing element located between the big toe and a smaller toe and the foot is supported from the rigid plate, enclosing the plate margin in a wall, removing the plate, and substituting a moldable sole for said plate.

4. The process which comprises applying to a foot a moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two aa acent toes extending to the upper portions therein and molding said elements between the toes to provide added width to the group-toe portion, molding a shoe with a rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded toe-spacing element located between the big toe and a smaller toe and the root is supported from the rigid plate, placing a layer of a moldable mud over the plate, resting the foot with a part of the bodily weight upon said layer, encasing the foot with an upper of moldable materials, and then, while the shoe is in a moldable condition, applying a moldable leather cover over the shoe.

5. The process which comprises applying to a foot a moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two ao acent toes extending to the upper portions thereof and molding said element between the toes to provide added width to the group-toe portion, molding a, shoe with a rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded toe-spacing element located between the big" toe and a smaller toe and the foot issupported from the rigid plate, placing a layer of a moldable mud over the plate, resting the foot with a part of the bodily weight upon said layer and encasing the footwith an upper of moldable materials by placing two oversize fabric pieces over the moldable mud, cementing the said two oversize fabric pieces together over the plate, applying a fabric cover piece over the foot and then fastening to the sides of the cover piece the two oversize pieces with cut-outs made therein.

6; The process which comprises applying to a foot a moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two adjacent toes extending to the upper portions thereof and molding said element-be-- 1 tween the toes to provide added width to the group-toe'portion, molding a shoe'with a rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the toe-spacing element located between the big toeand a smaller toe and the foot is supported from the rigid plate, placing a layer of a'moldable-mud over the plate, applying'two oversize fabric pieces over the mud, cementing said two oversize pieces together, resting the foot with a part of the'bodily'weight upon said two oversize pieces, the outer one of which is smaller than theinner one, encasing the foot with an upper of moldable materials by placing on the foot a cover piece and turning up around the foot the margins of said inner oversize piece while making cut-outs in the latter, thus providing a marginal recess between said two oversize piecesand fill-- ing'therein with some of the moldable mud, and

fastening to the sides of -said cover piece said outer oversize piece, with cut-outs made in the latter.

7; The process which comprises applying to a foot a moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two adjacent toes extending to the upper portions'thereof and molding said element between the toesto provide added width tothe group-toe portion, molding a shoe with a rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded-toe-spacing element located-between the big toe and a smaller toe and-the foot 'is-supported fromtherigid plate, placing alayer'of a moldable mud-oven the plate, applying two oversize fabric pieces over the mud; cementing said two oversize pieces together; restingthe foot'with a part-of the bodilyweight upon said two oversize-pieces, the enter one of which is smaller than the inner one, encasing the foot with an upperf-moldable materialsby placing on the foot a coverpiece and turning up around the foot "themargins of the said inner oversize "piece while making cut-outs in the latter, thus providing a marginal recess between said two oversize pieces and filling therein with some ofthe moldable mud, fastening to the sides of said cover piece said outer oversize piece, with cut-outs made in the latter, covering the shoe with latex-impreg hated leather, making a front slit for a shoe res-- tening means, and removing the foot from theshoe.

8. The process whichcomprises applying to a foot a moldable plastic toe-spacing element between two adjacent toes extending to the-upper portions thereof and molding. said element be-- tween-the toes to provide added width to the group-toe portion, molding a shoe with a rigid plate therein from molding materials applied over the foot while the toes are separated by the molded toe-spacing element located between the big toe and a smaller toe and the foot is supported from the rigid plate, placing a layer of a moldable mud over the plate, applying two over--- size fabric pieces over the mud, cementing said two oversize pieces together, resting the foot with a part of the bod ly weight upon said two eversize pieces, the outer one of which is smaller than the inner one, encasng the foot with an upper of moldable materials-by placing on the foot 'a cover piece and turning up around the foot the margins of said inner oversize piece while mak mg cut-outs in the latter, thus providing a mar-- ginal recess between said two oversize pieces and filling therein with some of the moldable mud, fastening'to the sidesof said cover piece said outer oversize piece, with cut-outs made in the latter, covering the shoe with-latex-impregnated leather; makingafront-slit for a shoe-fastening means, removing the foot from -the-shoe,-remov-- ing the plate, and substitutingfor-the plate a plural-layer sole of plastic materials.

ALAN E. MURRAY.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATESPATENTS Levitt; Aug. 14, 1923 Murray Mar. 19,1946

Lovell Sept; 5, 1950 Galhouse et--al. Mar.- 18; 1952 Mahoney Mar. 6', 1906 Bruckner Aug. 1'7, 1948 Sherwin Nov.- 21, 1950 Murray Sept. 18; 1951- Murray Aug. 12,1952 

